9/13/2023 0 Comments Ro mobile element table![]() ![]() You can get op gears in ET, since the MVP there are weaker than those in wilderness. When you reach lvl 52, it’s time for endless tower. New crack the Morocc/Sand crack is also opened. It’s time for you to move to Morroc, Pyramid and Anthell. Leveling will be the same, do quests, do crack, grinding until you hit level 50. Here you’ll find new crack, the Geffen/Mountain Crack. If all the quest from Goblin Forest is finished you’ll move to Mt. Don’t forget to finish all the quest here on Goblin Forest map. When your quest is finished on Sunken Ship and Byalan you can now move to Goblin Forest and farm Steam Goblin for experience and also Coal used for crafting. Priests will take a huge roll here by using Sanctuary.Ĭontinue playing by doing quest, grind and now new crack is open, the Byalan Crack. Monsters here are mostly dark elemental so take advantage by using holy element magic/skill/weapon whenever you can. Finish board quests take x5 EXP and grind your way to level 40. Your quest will take you to Sunken Ship on this level. You can enter this dungeon 5x a day for a great reward. Prontera Crack is the first dungeon you encounter and you have to solo the first time before you’re able to party. You’ll also introduced to dungeons also known as Cracks. You can also get the x5 EXP first and grind then finish the 10 board quests later. Get the x5 EXP from NPC in Prontera and get to grinding. You’ll get useful items as a reward from these quests. Don’t forget to level up your Adventurer Level by doing “mini-quest” such as taking picture of monsters and places spotted on the map.įinish 10 board quests in Prontera. Finishing these quests will get you to level 20 in no time. I personally got this leveling tips & trick from Steparu on his website Leveling Guideĭuring these levels just do the tutorial and main quest in Prontera. The more differences mean you get lot less EXP and drop rates as stated in this table below. So grind first until you run out of stamina then do your normal questing. (Useful for high level grinding but also applicable on low level)Īnother thing is the level differences between you and the monster. The thing is, experience you gain from finishing these quests are based on your level and not affected by stamina. Only until then you can proceed to do your normal, story, board, crack quests, etc. You don’t need to waste your precious stamina killing quest monsters that gives you small experience.Īfter you finish 10x EXP quest twice a day, it’s time to grind!! Grind on maps you know will give optimal experience gain until you nearly run out of stamina. ![]() Why not questing first? It will only suck your stamina for non-optimal experience gain. This NPC can be found besides Rift/Crack NPC on Prontera and usually it stands near the Quest Board. If you want to level up fast, don’t bother doing quests once you login.įirst things first, do 10x EXP quest from NPC located in nearly every town which will give you a quest where you can get 10x EXP from monsters on a selected map. You’ll need to stay near the music recorder and you need Music Disc, a reward from quest. The number points recovered will be reset daily. It can recover your stamina up to 60 points, an hour of battle time per day. Means if you haven’t play in 2 days and login in the 3rd day you will have 600 stamina + 400 stamina to the total of 1000 stamina! Equals to 1000 minutes of battle time! That’s a mind boggling 16+ hours of battle □ VIP Card member will allows you to have 400 stamina daily, but the stamina reserved if you can’t play is still 300 stamina per day to the total of 600 stamina. Buy VIP Card member through in-game money or cash.However there are ways to get more stamina which is, This is why stamina is important because once you run out of stamina you will get decreased exp and drop rate which adds more stress to the grind. MVP and MINI bosses exp and drop rate are not affected by fatigue.If you are in a party, in the same map and your party member are in battle, stamina will be counted.If you exceed your stamina points, then character will be in fatigue and receive decreased EXP and Drop Rate while hunting.Which means if you are busy in real life and have to skip playing in a day and you login tomorrow, you’ll have 300 stamina daily + 300 stamina as reserved from yesterday. Below is an estimate of how much JOB Potions you’ll need. More importantly you’re probably wondering about the Job Potions as you’ve probably saved these pots for your multi job. That’s around 11,496 BASE Exp (XL) Potions. This daily stamina if unused can be “saved/reserved” to the maximum of 600 stamina. For Base Levels it takes around 11,495,746,691 EXP to get to Lv. Each day you will receive 300 stamina (equals to 300mins battle time) in which you will have FULL EXP and DROP RATE.Things you need to know about the Stamina System, (Stamina System: 187 stamina used from 300 max. Max width before this PARTICULAR table gets nasty.Before we come into Ragnarok Mobile leveling guide we have to explain some leveling features in this game which is the Stamina System / Fatigue System. ![]()
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9/13/2023 0 Comments Grasp of the undying![]() ![]() UNIQUE Passive: Increases Ability Power by 40%. But the item comes with an UNIQUE Passive as well: Rabadon's Deathcap: Rabadon's Deathcap gives 120 Ability Power which makes Teemo pretty scary on its own. Void Staff: This is the core item when it comes to dealing explosive damage to the enemies because of how the passive ignores the enemies Magic Resist. Morellonomicon: More AP, more Magic Penetration, and Teemo scales really well on magic penetration, the passive also does so they don't heal that much, and if they have a Mundo, it would be possible to get this earlier. More AP, more atk speed and more CDR which equals to better 1v1s, more shroom placements, better farming due to atk speed as well, and more dmg output with the extra AP Nashor's Tooth: As a third item, I get this item because it gives you so much from one item, that makes Teemo pretty good. You could also take Ninja Tabis, if enemy team are full AD. Because he scales better with magic penetration than Ability Power. Sorcerer's Shoes: I get these because of the extra dmg, the extra movement speed and because it's pretty good on Teemo. If their movement is impaired, they take 2.5% of their maximum health per second instead. UNIQUE Passive: Torment: Dealing spell damage burns enemies for 1.5% of their maximum health per second. UNIQUE Passive: Madness: Damaging champions increases the damage you deal by 2% per second until exiting combat (up to 10%). This attack deals bonus damage and also permanently adds to. In summary, the idea that grasp is only meant for laners is not true.Liandry's Torment: This item gives 75 Ability Power, 300 Health and it comes with two UNIQUE Passives that helps us deal more damage throughout the game: When auto attacking an enemy champion, you steal some of their health, healing yourself in the process. Sustain-based runes like grasp, second wind, and revitalize will be extremely powerful on tanks, they usually end up putting out numbers that exceed keystone values from other trees. In which case, healing, shielding, health, and related stats become far more valuable. Tanks will reach very high numbers and it is no longer meaningful to stack further. ![]() Remember that armor and MR reduces damage non-linearly. Also, mathematically, if you have something like 250 armor and 150 MR on a tank, the bonus from aftershock is essentially meaningless. It's meant for tanks because it scales with defensive stats, but it is also meant to combat burst damage, which tanks are already really good at doing. If you're fighting a ranged champion Phase Rush may still be better in order to run them down. Aftershock feels really underwhelming at the moment. Grasp of the Undying Swain is good if you're up against a melee top laner. People take conqueror on Amumu and Zac sometimes, what they don't realize is that Graps is simply a better version. Honestly, any tanky champion that gets to weave in autos. It would have to be so underwhelming that laners didn't abuse it to double up on Grasp procs, which would make it just not worth picking anyway. If you gave it a 30s(example) timer after killing a large monster to proc it on a champion it would still be useless - You're not going to go find a champ to smack after every camp. If you make it charge off large monsters, non junglers will find a way to abuse it to stack it faster, griefing their jungle through stolen camps in the process. 'II: Grasp Of The Undying' is a full-length, ten-track scorcher of a record showcasing the multi-faceted talents of the genuine music professionals and avid production team involved, and. Without a whole systematic rework of how the rune works I just don't see any viable way to make it work in the jungle. Just an unfortunate side effect of jungling - Some things just aren't viable to use there. Share a GIF and browse these related GIF searches. Trying to balance Grasp for it without the others would probably create more backlash than it solves, since people would want their rune of choice to have a use there as well. Looking for grasp of the undying stickers The best GIFs for grasp of the undying. Most of them not as useless there as Grasp, but basically every keystone requires interaction with an enemy champion - which just doesn't happen in the jungle. Fleet Footwork I guess can proc on monsters? Predator is basically made for jungles to gank with. In fact, pretty much every keystone is arguably useless in the jungle other than uhm. Plenty of runes are useless in the jungle. ![]() 9/13/2023 0 Comments Sqlpro create table from csv![]() ![]() However, it definitely started getting really slow and crashing with files greater than a hundred megabytes. I was hoping this would be my answer to manipulating large CSVs. Google released a handy tool now called OpenRefine that enables lots of handy data manipulation operations. Additionally, Excel’s file size limit appears to be 2 gigabytes, so it won’t work well for anything larger than that. Typically, opening large CSVs is a relatively rare occurrence unless your a data analyst, so I tried to find a free solution that would work well. Excel for Mac performed well but it is a paid solution so I did not consider it viable for many developers. Google Sheets worked for some files but would tend to crash or hang past a certain file size. It has a hard row limit that seemed to be independent of file size. If you would like to skip the story and go straight to the best free solution, please click here. ![]() I’m using a 2018 Macbook Pro with a 2.6 GHz 6-core i7 and 16 GB of RAM. In this post, I’ve outlined the different ways I’ve tried to manipulate large CSVs and their results. A good text editor can open these large CSVs but you lose spreadsheet capabilities like rearranging columns and filtering data. I set out to figure out how to open and manipulate these files in a free and somewhat accessible way that was fast and didn’t risk crashes.Īs a software engineer with a history of supporting marketing teams, I often encounter extremely large datasets including customer segment exports or analytics event logs that can be larger than a gigabyte. Have you ever struggled to open and manipulate a large CSV file on a Mac? 100MB? 1 gigabyte or greater? Extremely large CSVs bring most spreadsheet utilities to a halt or the computer. How To Open & Manipulate Large (>100MB) CSV Files On A Mac ![]() 9/13/2023 0 Comments Zoom recorder comparison![]() Because it has the lowest noise floor, at -127dBu (it introduced the least amount of noise)
9/13/2023 0 Comments Consummate socialite definition![]() ![]() Jayne’s gossip-column mentions came fast and often in 1938. Years later, she would entertain a dinner partner with the tale of a visit as a teenager to William Randolph Hearst’s San Simeon, where his mistress, Marion Davies, took her to the bathroom to sip from a bottle of liquor she kept hidden in the toilet tank. ‘These people know how to work their prestige and power…they run to settle scores and control New York socially as much as to exhibit art.’Īfter high school, Jayne took the sorts of jobs a pretty girl could get in Depression-era Hollywood, working in retail and modeling, and nibbling at the edges of filmdom. Chuggy brought Jayne to the unfashionable outskirts of Beverly Hills in the 1930s the husband stayed behind. ![]() She was born in 1920 in Flint, Mich., to Frederick “Fritz” Larkin, then a contractor, although later a State Department architect who may have been undercover for the OSS or CIA (it’s unclear), and his wife, Chuggy Larkin, a whiskey-voiced Southern-accented nightclub habituée. So it’s a little ironic to note that Wrightsman had no breeding to speak of. Her gifts - paintings by Delacroix, Vermeer, El Greco, Rubens, de La Tour, and Tiepolo, and 18th- and 19th-century decorative objects, many crafted for the kings of France - went from her homes to the museum’s suite of Wrightsman Rooms and reflected her ability to make herself and her surroundings over in the image of Bourbon France.īrooke Astor, Jane Engelhard, Pat Buckley, Nan Kempner and Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis all predeceased her, making her the last of a breed. One of the museum’s greatest benefactors, she gave it works of art and objects of decor that harkened back, as did she, to a time when taste was inextricably linked to great wealth. Wrightsman may have been nouveau riche, but her taste and style were a calculated homage to an aristocratic way of life that she reinvented and then outlived. on Saturday at age 99, it was the end of an era. When Jayne Wrightsman, art collector, society maven, trustee of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, a stiletto in a velvet glove, died at her home at 820 Fifth Ave. ![]() 9/13/2023 0 Comments Killing floor 2 review turn down![]() ![]() The Debuff applied to this weapon was solely focused on the damage aspect of it. It worked wonders both for healing teammates and had the killing capacity of Firebug spray weapons. The common opinion on HRG Healthrower was that it’s currently a weapon that’s too powerful. It wasn’t a weapon as powerful as its price suggested, so it became the Tier 2 alternative for the survivalist. Reducto Ray’s case was basically the same as the HRG Locust but in an opposite way. After the changes for this update, the weapon should feel more fair in all matches now. Both that and its price being 900 Dosh made it a weapon not properly adjusted to its Tier. The HRG Locust is an extremely powerful weapon just by its design. Now, the bash speed has been leveled with other pistols (9mm, Revolvers) and any class which uses it will have a way to defend themselves. If any of the gun wielders got trapped, having that weapon meant they wouldn’t have any good way to escape. The animation and impact were slower than other similar pistols. The revolver trio (Rhino, Winterbite, Spitfire) had a bit of a problem, and it was its bash attack. The Minigun was a powerful weapon, but magazines were always empty by the time the fun started! Bigger mags, more damage and more spare ammo make the minigun a great option for its weight and price. Regarding balance, we have made tweaks in some weapons, following the State of the Game Survey: We also added a way to easily toggle the Friendly HUD for players who prefer less information on the UI, or for the ones who need to check things real quickly. Reduced the resistance cap from Resilience skill to 30%Īfter many requests and lots of voices asking (a lot) for a way to search for specific items in your inventory OR purchase them in the Store, we finally included an Item Search Bar! Now finding stuff is easier than ever, on any platform.Reduced the passive Movement Speed increase from 0.4% per level to 0.2% per level.Both drones will no longer trigger zed time.The drones can still enable these Zeds’ rage due to health threshold. Both drones will not enable Scrake/Fleshpound’s rage due to the amount of attacks received.Ammo Cost (alt fire mode) from 100 to 25.Seconds Before Arrow Detonation from 0.5 to 0.2.Damage on Spray start (muzzle) from 30 to 15.Sped up Bash animation 33% (1.5 play rate, around 2s).This search bar will filter items (weapon skins, outfits) by name.An option will be added to search items within Store and Inventory using a virtual keyboard or your PCs and Consoles.To use it in the console, open the comms dial and press RT. ![]() Added a Keybind (configurable on PC) to toggle visibility of the Friendly HUD.Option to Toggle the Friendly HUD using a Keybind:.Please continue to report any QOL changes you believe should be added to the game by submitting your feedback in the ‘general’ section on our official forums at: General Killing Floor 2 - Cosmetics Season PassĪs a reminder, the database update for ticket drops and setting up steam items for sale will occur at approximately 1pm EDT after all the patches go out in order to verify that the patches are deployed across platforms.Īs mentioned in the 2022 Killing Floor 2 ‘State of the Game’ our goal is to bring to the community a continued stream of QOL changes for each update throughout the year.Complete all seasonal objectives to earn the Shark Jaw Head Accessory.Seasonal objectives related to Subduction and the Weekly Mode.Time-limited Objectives, Tickets, and Cosmetics.A tier 4 Semi-Auto Shotgun with a special trait: its Alt-Fire creates an EMP wave to help avoid being surrounded and lethal for weak Zeds.Right-click will create a cluster explosion by detonating the drone.Assistance equipment that deploys a Grenade-firing Drone, controlling crowds with Area damage and Stumble power.An alternative version of the Commando’s Sentinel for the Demolitionist perk.All of the map will be safe when 5 zeds or less are alive (per wave) and during Trader Time.Players will receive damage if standing out of that Safe Area.On each wave, a Safe Area is marked on the map.Compatible with Survival, Weekly, VS and Endless Game Modes.A heavy-loaded Drone that will make Zeds go boom if they get near.Ĭheck this new content coming right from the Depths! Luckily, there’s a new HRG weapon to help you keep the crowd controlled and defend a spot: the HRG Bombardier. Defend the Safe Area in Contamination Zone Weekly Mode and be careful with staying outside, you might end up more beaten up than after fighting a Fleshpound. Unfortunately, there has been another outbreak besides the Zeds, and it’s a really dangerous Contamination in the air. Who knew Zeds could dive? Clean up the facility in the new map, Subduction. Unveil the secrets of a Horzine Deep Sea Underwater research base, deep in the Marianas Trench, that has definitely seen better days. ![]() ![]() ![]() It is one of the famous shipping providers like Aramex, USPS tracking, Fedex Express tracking, USP tracking and DHL tracking.Your express package is given a tracking number so that it gets identifiable. Our highly trained staff really feel involved and are very capable to collaborate so that an optimal process flow can be achieved. Central Transport helps you get your bought goods shipped from the merchant to your address.User just need to enter Central Transport Tracking number to Track Trace Central Transportation current status details. We’re comfortable working with complex B2B fulfilment processes, like personalization and special supplements. To track the current location and arrival time of your shipment user can reach to Shipping Exchange Central Transport Tracking page.Why choose STL Logistics BV E-fulfilment as your B2B fulfilment partner: However, the North Coast, Sacramento Valley and Colorado River. By using special hardware, software and by employing highly trained staff we make sure to deliver all of your B2B orders to your customers all around the world. Meanwhile, snow water content in the central and southern Sierras broke records, while in. STL Logistics BV E-fulfilment has got a long standing reputation when it comes to B2B and is very capable to help you improve your service by offering a high quality service. In observance of the following holidays, Central Transport will have limited or closed operations. Central Transport helps to build and shape the United States by transporting the goods businesses need to run, and the goods they produce. Enter Linehaul Courier Tracking number in below online tracker form to track and trace your. A lot of fulfilment companies in the Netherlands turn down B2B order requests because of this complexity. Local CDL Linehaul Driver/Home Daily Central Transport 2. This makes the B2B process more complicated compared to B2C orders. Freight, logistics, logistics software sales and management Learn more about. B2B orders usually contains a wide variety of products and is large in volume. Looking for an experienced B2B warehouse partner to ship your products from a central location in Europe?ī2B fulfilment often requires more attention compared to B2C fulfilment. If you don't mind Reach us, In the event that you require help with your Central Transport Tracking status.STL is experienced in importing E-commerce cargo for quick delivery to E-commerce depots in the EU. Toward the end, you can track numerous tracking numbers by entering them in the space provided above and tapping on the 'Track' catch.( isolate tracking numbers by comma ). Sacramento Regional Transit District 1400 29th St Sacramento, CA 95812 Customer Service 916-321-BUSS (2877) Monday through Friday: 6:00 a.m. With people you trust, technology that empowers and capacity to deliver. As we continue to disrupt the freight industry, we know our way forward. Learn why nearly 38,000 employees choose to work at J.B. ![]() If you dont mind Reach us, In the event that you require help with your Central Transport Tracking status. Since 1961, our people have set us apart and made us into the Fortune 300 company we are today. Now you can expect the same great service you know and love with access to one of the world’s largest shipping networks. Simply enter that central transport tracking pro number/BOL/Bill of lading number.Īside from this, you can check your central transport motor freight, Road and ocean Transport, Trucking, Cargo, Consignment, travel Goods, Shipment, express Courier, Parcel Carrier Conveyance subtle elements 24*7. You can trace shipments by: Pro BOL Customer Ref. Toward the end, you can track numerous tracking numbers by entering them in the space provided above and tapping on the Track catch.( isolate tracking numbers by comma ). All you require is the central transport international tracking number. Presently it turns out to be simple for you to know your Central Transport Tracking status through our online tracker framework. Explore our innovative cold storage and transportation solutions. All about Central Transport International Tracking Lineage Logistics is the global leader of the temperature-controlled logistics industry. ![]() 9/12/2023 0 Comments Seto kaiba shoebill meme![]() ![]() ![]() Release DatesĬlick the links below for more information on recent and upcoming product releases. Yu-Gi-Oh! GO RUSH!! Episode Discussion Threadīanlist Prediction Thread: Starting from a few weeks before the "no sooner than" date for the next banlist, this will be posted every Wednesday. New users: Posts from brand-new accounts and those with very low karma will need mod approval to show up after being posted.
9/12/2023 0 Comments Easycatalog directory![]() ![]() Question: - Can I use category thumbnail image to show on parent category? Answer: - Yes, there is setting on category level which allows using category thumbnail image to show as catalog image on parent category. This extension is also called easy catalog images, catalog images grid/list.įAQ - Common questions about Subcategories Grid/List One of the features is admin can use a thumbnail image of the category to show or if the client can use the separate image for category and thumbnail. In addition to this, admin can show sub categories in grid or list view. You can also add a category listing using Magento widget on any store page according to your requirements.įor example, if a category "X" has two subcategories and category "Y" has 5 subcategories then it will be possible show only 2 subcategory images in a row for category "X" Whereas for category "Y" we can set to show 5 subcategories in a row. The extension also aids to grab users attention on your store page or any other pages by allowing to show list subcategories of a category with images. This extension gives the flexibility to decide the number of subcategories to show in a row, which gives more control to admins to display categories by their choice. In such case, this extension help admin can show subcategories images nicely on a category page. ![]() Some store have a large catalog of products and to augment the usability, store owners want to show the subcategories list on a category page. You will then study the rest of the eLearning Foundations course once you become proficient with the ins and outs of your initial application.Īvatar helps you plan your next application(s) and mentors you through the process of setting it up on your own.Īvatar continues to be available in the future for whatever level of help you need as you advance your Eas圜atalog skills.Make easy navigation for the user by showing sub categories in grid/list on a category page. We then demonstrate, turn over, and mentor you while you begin to put the solution into production. While we are creating your solution, your team studies the “Essential” eLearning units: This program begins with Avatar creating the first application to ensure you start off with the best possible solution that leverages our vast experience creating Eas圜atalog applications. This gives the InDesign users a great feel for what Eas圜atalog can do and how it is done. Our most successful clients are those who have Avatar set up their first one or two applications that they then work with for a while. This is a great option for organizations that have multiple applications they would like to convert to Eas圜atalog workflows and who have adequate resources (time and people) to learn more about Eas圜atalog so they can become largely independent do-it-yourselfers. Our “Road to Self-Sufficiency” is a mentoring program that will bring your team along to the point where they will be able to leverage existing solutions to modify or create entirely new solutions largely on their own. We love to help companies become self-sufficient. ![]() Sign up to be notified when the next Live training course is scheduled. ![]() To apply, you will be required to submit your coursework for an Avatar developer to review after the completion of the course. After completion of the course, our team will reach out to schedule your free consultation.Īdditionally, those interested in receiving certification in Eas圜atalog may do so for an additional $200. This can be used to discuss work from the course, specific Eas圜atalog applications, or other data publishing questions. These pre-recorded classes go through all the basics of using Eas圜atalog and are great for reference as you practice your new skills.Īll ticket holders also receive 1 free hour of one-on-one consultation time with one of Avatar’s Eas圜atalog experts. With your ticket purchase you also will be granted 90 days of full 24/7 access to our eLearning platform. The course is presented over 8 days - each day consists of a morning and an afternoon session.There will also be an opportunity to bring your projects to the Avatar developers for questions and advice. Live Eas圜atalog Foundations Course Our live virtual training courses are back! Follow along with demos and ask questions in real time. ![]() 9/12/2023 0 Comments Origami sailboat![]() ![]() The boats should last in water for at least 10 minutes before they get waterlogged. But since they’re made out of paper, they can really only go in the water once. I show the analogy is promising once we abandon presuppositions about how science stands for knowledge.Yes! These boats will float in water. Instead of "writing" I talk of science, and instead of "intellect" I talk of (extended) cognition. I generalize Goody's idea following an analogy. ![]() ![]() Goody shows how written formulations of codes or norms encourage its generalization, specialization and tailoring for very specific contexts (trade law, for example) and above all, its transportability to new contexts. Literary traditions allow the development of more complex organizations than what is possible without writing, organizations that acquire a certain independence of their own associated often with the custodianship of the books and the preservation of the structure of norms associated with such writings. Thus norms and standards become abstract representations of different more concrete norms. Writing allows for ideas and norms to be “fixed” (to a text), to have generalizing power, that is, the capacity to be applied to new and diverse situations. Jack Goody is famous for the thesis that writing is “the technology of the intellect.” The idea is simple and powerful. Meanwhile, the paper offers relevant methods of introducing future generations to the study of architecture. The detected findings of this paper could help those involve in teaching architecture to either young learners or junior students of architecture in stimulating collaborative architecture learning environments. ![]() To achieve the aim of the workshop the constructivism design studio environment was applied as a major component for learning architecture. The targeted youth audience represented a population not likely to consider the study of architecture and that was a relevant factor in the workshop creation. This workshop simulated the real-life architecture experience to two different age groups of young learners: kids from 7-10 years old and teens from 11-17 years old. The workshop took place in the Faculty of Engineering at Ain Shams University, Egypt as a part of a department of Architecture activity week in the year 2013. This paper aims at presenting the lessons learned during the planning, initiation and execution of an experimental youth workshop named ""How to make your own Dream House?". This suggests that when the people represented are not involved in the writing process, the national story dramatically influences the ways in which the characters are written. Interviews and reflection on instances of cultural misappropriation produced a story that began to counter to this narrative. It suggests that prior to interviews and self-reflection, the writing followed the dominant narrative told about refugees, referred to here as ‘the national story’ (Birch 2013), which played up victimhood and played down racism. This paper compares the first two drafts of the manuscript. The first was produced through fieldwork and observation, the second after interviews and the third through feedback. In order to explore this concept, I wrote a novel manuscript about the everyday lives of four characters from refugee backgrounds in three drafts. A look into how novels of this kind are written can contribute to the debate of writing the other. But there is little work on the difference between stories that have been constructed with consultation of the people represented and those that have not. At the same time, writing that explores the migration story of people from refugee backgrounds, written by writers from those backgrounds as well as writers who have not had those experiences, has become increasingly more common (see Menchu 1984 Nazer & Lewis 2003 Eggers 2006 Cleave 2008 de Kretser 2012 Al Muderis & Weaver 2014). This can be seen as a kind of ventriloquism (Couser 1998), stereotypical and racist characterisation (Leane 2016), and lead to further oppression since the privileged person is the one who speaks rather than the group represented (Alcoff 1991). There has been increasing criticism of mainstream writers who create characters from marginalised cultural backgrounds different to their own, especially when those characters are written from the first-person perspective. ![]() |
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